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Chapter 4 99
Calibration
Calibration Types and Characteristics
4. Calibration
Calibration Types and Characteristics
Table 4-1 shows the different types of calibrations and the features of each method.
Table 4-1 Calibration Types and Characteristics
Calibration Method Standard(s)
Used
Corrected Error Factor Measurement
Parameters
Characteristics
No calibration None None All parameters • Low accuracy
• Calibration not required
Response
Calibration
*1
•OPEN or
SHORT
*2
•LOAD
*3
Following 2 error terms:
•Reflection Tracking (Er)
•Directivity (Ed)
*3
S11
(Reflection
characteristics
at 1 port)
•Medium-level accuracy
•Quick calibration
•Isolation calibration improves the
accuracy in a reflection
measurement of a DUT with high
return loss
•THRU
•LOAD
*3
Following 2 error terms:
•Transmission Tracking (Et)
•Isolation (Ex)
*3
S21
(1 direction
transmission
characteristics
at 2 ports)
•Medium-level accuracy
•Quick calibration
•Isolation calibration improves the
accuracy in a transmission
measurement of a device with high
insertion loss
1-Port Calibration ECal module
(2-port/4-port)
Following 3 error terms:
•Directivity (Ed)
•Source Match (Es)
•Reflection Tracking (Er)
S11
(Reflection
characteristics
at 1 port)
•1-port measurement with the
highest degree of accuracy
•Quick calibration with low chance
of operator error
•OPEN
•SHORT
•LOAD
•Highly accurate 1-port
measurement
Full 2-Port
Calibration
*1
ECal module
(2-port/4-port)
Following 12 error terms:
•Directivity (Ed1,Ed2)
•Isolation (Ex21,Ex12)
*3
•Source Match (Es1,Es2)
•Load Match (El12,El21)
•Transmission Tracking
(Et21,Et12)
•Reflection Tracking (Er1,Er2)
S11,S21,S12,S
22
(All
S-parameters
at 2 ports)
•Highly accurate 2-port
measurement
*4
•Quick calibration with low chance
of operator error
•OPEN
•SHORT
•LOAD
•THRU
•Highly accurate 2-port
measurement
*4
Full 3-Port
Calibration
*5*1
ECal module
(2-port
*6
/
4-port)
Following 27 error terms:
•Directivity (Ed1,Ed2,Ed3)
•Isolation
(Ex21,Ex31,Ex12,Ex32,Ex13,Ex2
3)
*3
•Source Match (Es1,Es2,Es3)
•Load Match
(El21,El31,El12,El32,El13,El23)
•Transmission Tracking
(Et21,Et31,Et12,Et32,Et13,Et23)
•Reflection Tracking (Er1,Er2,Er3)
S11,S21,S31,S
12,S22,S32,S1
3,S23,S33
(All
S-parameters
at 3 ports)
•Highly accurate 3-port
measurement
*4
•Quick calibration with low chance
of operator error
•OPEN
•SHORT
•LOAD
•THRU
•Highly accurate 3-port
measurement
*4
- Safety Summary 2
- Safety notice supplement 5
- User’s Guide 7
- Manual Printing History 8
- Safety Symbols 10
- Certification 11
- Documentation Warranty 11
- Assistance 11
- Typeface Conventions 12
- Documentation Map 13
- VBA Macro 14
- Contents 15
- 1 Precautions 31
- Software Installed 32
- Before contacting us 33
- 28 Chapter 1 34
- Precautions 34
- 2 Overview of Functions 35
- 1. Standby Switch 37
- 2. LCD Screen 37
- 3. ACTIVE CH/TRACE Block 38
- 4. RESPONSE Block 39
- 5. STIMULUS Block 40
- 6. Floppy Disk Drive 40
- 7. NAVIGATION Block 41
- 8. ENTRY Block 42
- 9. INSTR STATE Block 43
- 10. MKR/ANALYSIS Block 44
- 11. Test Port 44
- 12. Front USB Port 45
- 13. Ground Terminal 45
- 1. Menu Bar 46
- 2. Data Entry Bar 46
- 3. Softkey Menu Bar 48
- 4. Instrument Status Bar 50
- 5. Channel Window 52
- Smoothing 54
- Equ Equation editor: ON 55
- Trigger Source - External) 61
- Option 1E5 only) 62
- 18. Mini-DIN Mouse Port 64
- 3. Setting Measurement 65
- Conditions 65
- Initializing Parameters 66
- Setting Channels and Traces 67
- Allocate Channels 68
- Setting trace display 70
- Allocate Traces 71
- Active channel 72
- Active trace 72
- 68 Chapter 3 74
- Setting the System Z0 75
- Setting Stimulus Conditions 76
- 72 Chapter 3 78
- CW Freq 79
- Setting power range manually 83
- Setting the number of points 84
- Setting the sweep time 84
- Sweep Time 85
- Definition of S-parameters 86
- Setting up S-parameters 86
- Selecting a Data Format 87
- Polar format 88
- Smith chart format 89
- Selecting a data format 90
- Setting the Scales 91
- Scale/Div 93
- Setting Window Displays 94
- Hiding Frequency Information 95
- Labeling a window 95
- Setting display colors 97
- 4Calibration 99
- Drift Errors 100
- Random Errors 100
- Systematic Errors 101
- Chapter 4 99 105
- Calibration 105
- 4. Calibration 105
- 100 Chapter 4 106
- Chapter 4 101 107
- Checking Calibration Status 108
- F is displayed 109
- Selecting Calibration Kit 111
- Cal Trig Source 112
- Softkey Function 112
- Selects “Internal.” 112
- Selects “System.” 112
- Procedure 113
- Enhanced Response Calibration 121
- Full 2-Port Calibration 124
- Full 3-Port Calibration 127
- Full 4-Port Calibration 130
- ECal (electronic calibration) 133
- Unknown Thru Calibration 136
- Operational procedure 138
- Cancel button 140
- Calibration Using 4-port ECal 141
- 3-Port ECal 142
- 4-Port ECal 142
- 2-port TRL calibration 143
- 3-port TRL calibration 146
- 4-port TRL calibration 150
- Simplified calibration 154
- 2-3 (Optional) 155
- TRL calibration 156
- Partial overwrite 157
- Transmission 158
- Operating procedure 162
- Adapter Characterization 166
- Load Project 168
- Open button 168
- Adapter Removal-Insertion 173
- About Adapter Insertion 175
- AUTO Adapter automatic 176
- User-characterized ECal 177
- Refresh (2 in 178
- OK (1 in 181
- 178 Chapter 4 184
- T standards 187
- Definitions of terms 188
- Redefining a calibration kit 191
- Sets the offset delay 192
- Sets the offset Z0 192
- Sets the offset loss 192
- • REFLECT(SHORT, Delay 0 ps) 194
- to 54ps 195
- to 13ps 195
- Ω/s] 2.36 G 2.2 G 0 0 0 200
- Ω/s] 0 0 0 2.51 G 200
- 0 0 0 0 204
- Ω]50505050 204
- Ω/s] 0.7 G 0.7 G 0.7 G 0.7 G 204
- 200 Chapter 4 206
- 66.734 p 66.734 p 0 0 207
- Ω/s] 0.63 G 0.63 G 0 0 207
- Open Open 3G 1 GHz - 3 GHz 208
- Open Open 6G 3 GHz - 6 GHz 208
- Done is 212
- Power Calibration 214
- Misc Setup 216
- GPIB Setup 216
- Power Meter Address 216
- Open button to recall the 220
- Setting loss compensation 221
- Measuring calibration data 224
- Abort during measurement 225
- Receiver Calibration 226
- Select Port 227
- Source Port 227
- Vector-Mixer Calibration 229
- Measured mixer 230
- Load & Project 232
- Open button 232
- Scalar-Mixer Calibration 239
- Confirming calibration status 240
- Frequency 241
- 5 Making Measurements 247
- Sweep Order in Each Channel 248
- Trigger Source 249
- Trigger Modes 249
- Setting the Point Trigger 251
- Low Latency 252
- Ext Trig Delay 253
- Avg Trigger 255
- Procedure to set the range 256
- 6 Data Analysis 257
- About marker functions 258
- Reading values on the trace 259
- Discrete ON) 263
- Discrete OFF) 263
- Coupling ON) 264
- Coupling OFF) 264
- Aligning maker value displays 267
- Active Only OFF) 268
- Active Only ON) 268
- Setting search range 269
- Search Range 270
- Searching for the peak 274
- Executing a Bandwidth Search 276
- Executing a notch Search 279
- Displaying Statistics Data 280
- 276 Chapter 6 282
- Data Analysis 282
- Conversion 284
- Function 284
- Using the Equation Editor 285
- Entering the equation label 287
- 282 Chapter 6 288
- 7 Fixture Simulator 289
- Overview of Fixture Simulator 290
- De-embedding 293
- Converting the Port Impedance 294
- User File 295
- 4-port Network 298
- Operational Procedure 299
- Embed Selects embedding 300
- De-Embed Selects de-embedding 300
- Measurement 319
- Overview 320
- Measurement of Mixers 321
- Step 3. Press 322
- 3. Avoid Spurious Function 328
- 4. Changing Frequency Data 329
- Measurement flow 334
- 3 GHz 1 MHz 5 338
- 9. Analysis in Time Domain 339
- (Option 010) 339
- Transformation to time domain 342
- Selecting a type 343
- Setting the window 345
- Setting display range 351
- Measurement Flow 353
- Setting gate type 353
- Setting gate shape 354
- Setting gate range 355
- −6 dB attenuation 355
- Enabling gating function 356
- Identifying mismatch type 358
- 10 Data Output 359
- Table 10-1 Stored data 360
- Save procedure 362
- Save State 363
- State01 - State08 or Autorec 363
- Recall Procedure 365
- Saving Trace Data to a File 368
- Table 10-2 Header of s1p 369
- Table 10-3 Header of s4p 370
- Saving procedure 372
- Organizing Files and Folders 375
- To Move a File or Folder 376
- To Delete a File or Folder 376
- To Rename a File or Folder 376
- To Format a Floppy Disk 376
- Printing Displayed Screen 377
- Printed/saved images 378
- Print Procedure 378
- Print to start printing 380
- Abort Printing 380
- 11 Limit Test 381
- Limit Test 382
- Defining the limit line 384
- Begin Stimulus 385
- End Stimulus 385
- Begin Response 385
- End Response 385
- Turning the limit test ON/OFF 388
- Limit line offset 389
- Initializing the limit table 390
- Ripple Test 391
- Configuring ripple limit 393
- Open to recall the 396
- Bandwidth Test 398
- Bandwidth Limit 399
- Set up bandwidth test 400
- 12 Optimizing Measurements 401
- Expanding the Dynamic Range 402
- Reducing Trace Noise 404
- Smo Aperture 405
- Electrical Delay 406
- Phase offset 408
- Setting port extensions 409
- Port Extensions 412
- Auto Port Extension 412
- Active Marker 413
- ON Calculates a loss value 414
- Environments 417
- Using Fast Sweep Modes 418
- Service Menu 422
- Concept of Segment Sweep 423
- IF Bandwidth) is set 424
- Power) is set 424
- Sweep Mode) is set 424
- 420 Chapter 12 426
- Optimizing Measurements 426
- 426 Chapter 12 432
- Management Functions 433
- Setting the GPIB 434
- GPIB0 hpib7 (1 in 436
- OK button (2 in Figure 13-2) 436
- OK button (3 in Figure 13-3) 436
- Setting the Internal Clock 439
- Setting the Mouse 441
- Buttons configuration area 442
- Double-click speed area 442
- Pointers tab (Figure 13-10) 442
- Configuring the Network 444
- Setting IP address 445
- Specifying computer name 447
- OK button 448
- Yes button to 448
- Remote Control Using HTTP 449
- Explorer 450
- Properties in the File menu 450
- Sharing tab 451
- Explorer 453
- Table 13-1 454
- Setting the Warning Beeper 455
- Checking the serial number 457
- OK to close the dialog box 458
- Setting the preset function 459
- System Recovery 461
- Test Menu 480
- Adjust Touch Screen 480
- Table 13-4 481
- 14 Controlling E5091A 483
- Required devices 484
- Powering on 485
- Setting the E5091A 486
- Selecting the E5091A Model 487
- Assigning test ports 487
- A1, T1, T2, or T3 488
- Setting control line 490
- Enabling control of E5091A 491
- Performing Measurement 493
- Connecting Two E5091As 494
- 15 Measurement Examples 495
- Evaluation Steps 496
- Edit Segment Table 498
- List IFBW (turn it ON) 498
- Chapter 15 493 499
- Measurement Examples 499
- 15. Measurement Examples 499
- 4. Execute the Calibration 500
- 5. Connect the DUT 501
- 6. Execute the Measurement 501
- 496 Chapter 15 502
- Evaluating a Duplexer 503
- 7. Execute the Measurement 508
- 9. Analyze the Parameters 509
- 11. Execute the Limit Test 512
- Limit Line (Turn it ON) 513
- Limit Test (Turn it ON) 513
- Single (or Continuous) 513
- Activating Trace 2 514
- (The display of Trace 2 is 514
- 1. Connect the DUT 515
- 3. Execute the Calibration 516
- Entering the electrical delay 517
- (Flattening a trace) 517
- Auto Scale 518
- Statistics (Turn it ON.) 518
- 1. Connecting the DUT 520
- 3. Performing Calibration 522
- Table 15-7 523
- Fixture Simulator 526
- Port 2 Z0 526
- Port 3 Z0 526
- 8. Adding a Matching Circuit 527
- 2. Executing Calibration 528
- 3. Connecting the DUT 529
- 4. Auto Scale 529
- 3. Setting the Test Ports 532
- 4. Setting Control Line 533
- 5. Setting Sweep Conditions 533
- 8. Executing Calibration 534
- Switch the active channel 535
- 9. Connecting DUT 536
- 10. Executing Measurement 537
- 532 Chapter 15 538
- Executing Power Calibration 539
- 3. Setting Stimulus Condition 540
- 6. Connecting Power Sensor 541
- 7. Measuring Calibration Data 541
- 536 Chapter 15 542
- Information 543
- Definitions 544
- Corrected System Performance 545
- Calibration Kit 546
- Electronic Calibration Module 547
- 544 Chapter 16 550
- Test Port Output (Source) 551
- 546 Chapter 16 552
- Test Port Input 553
- 548 Chapter 16 554
- Chapter 16 549 555
- 16. Specifications and 555
- Supplemental Information 555
- 550 Chapter 16 556
- General Information 557
- 552 Chapter 16 558
- Chapter 16 553 559
- 554 Chapter 16 560
- 556 Chapter 16 562
- 558 Chapter 16 564
- Chapter 16 559 565
- Table 16-23 Cycle Time (ms) 566
- Chapter 16 561 567
- Measurement capabilities 568
- Source control 569
- Trace functions 569
- Data accuracy enhancement 570
- System capabilities 571
- Automation 572
- 17 Measurement Accessories 573
- Test Port Cables 574
- Calibration Kits 575
- Adaptors 583
- System Accessories 584
- 18 Information on Maintenance 585
- Backing Up the Data 586
- Removing Removable Hard Disk 587
- Mounting Removable Hard Disk 587
- 582 Chapter 18 588
- Information on Maintenance 588
- Hard Disk 589
- Cleaning this Instrument 590
- Regular Calibration, etc 592
- A Manual Changes 593
- Manual Changes 594
- Change 15 595
- Change 14 595
- Change 13 595
- Change 12 595
- Load & Run 596
- Change11 605
- Save button 607
- 602 Appendix A 608
- Change 10 609
- Change 9 610
- Change 8 611
- Change 7 611
- Change 6 612
- Change 5 612
- Appendix A 607 613
- A. Manual Changes 613
- 608 Appendix A 614
- Change 4 615
- Change 3 615
- Change 2 615
- Change 1 615
- 610 Appendix A 616
- B Troubleshooting 617
- Troubleshooting 618
- Error Messages 623
- enabled (SENS:OFFS ON) 626
- 24 Frequency offset enabled 626
- is enabled (SENS:OFFS ON) 626
- 50 Specified channel hidden 632
- Warning Message 636
- 632 Appendix B 638
- C List of Default Values 639
- Settings 640
- 0.0000 °←←√ K/C 641
- 636 Appendix C 642
- List of Default Values 642
- Appendix C 637 643
- C. List of Default Values 643
- 638 Appendix C 644
- Frequency Offset 645
- 0.0000 Hz ←←√ K/C 645
- External Source 646
- Appendix C 641 647
- 642 Appendix C 648
- Appendix C 643 649
- Stimulus Offset 650
- 0Hz ←←√ K/C 650
- Appendix C 645 651
- 646 Appendix C 652
- Appendix C 647 653
- 648 Appendix C 654
- D Softkey Functions 655
- E5070B/E5071B Menu (Top Menu) 656
- Analysis Menu 657
- 652 Appendix D 658
- Softkey Functions 658
- Appendix D 653 659
- D. Softkey Functions 659
- 654 Appendix D 660
- Appendix D 655 661
- 656 Appendix D 662
- Appendix D 657 663
- 658 Appendix D 664
- Appendix D 659 665
- 660 Appendix D 666
- Appendix D 661 667
- 662 Appendix D 668
- Sets the stimulus offsets 669
- Sets the amplitude offsets 669
- Marker -> 670
- :CALC{1-16}:LIM:OFFS:MARK 670
- Appendix D 665 671
- Average Menu 672
- Calibration Menu 673
- 668 Appendix D 674
- Appendix D 669 675
- 670 Appendix D 676
- Appendix D 671 677
- 672 Appendix D 678
- Appendix D 673 679
- 674 Appendix D 680
- Appendix D 675 681
- 676 Appendix D 682
- Appendix D 677 683
- 678 Appendix D 684
- Appendix D 679 685
- 680 Appendix D 686
- Appendix D 681 687
- 682 Appendix D 688
- Appendix D 683 689
- 684 Appendix D 690
- Appendix D 685 691
- 686 Appendix D 692
- Appendix D 687 693
- 688 Appendix D 694
- Appendix D 689 695
- 690 Appendix D 696
- Appendix D 691 697
- Display Menu 698
- Appendix D 693 699
- 694 Appendix D 700
- Appendix D 695 701
- Format Menu 702
- Macro Setup Menu 703
- 698 Appendix D 704
- Marker Menu 705
- :CALC{1-16}:MARK{1-10}:REF 706
- Marker Function Menu 707
- Marker Search Menu 708
- Appendix D 703 709
- 704 Appendix D 710
- Measurement Menu 711
- 706 Appendix D 712
- Appendix D 707 713
- 708 Appendix D 714
- Appendix D 709 715
- 710 Appendix D 716
- Appendix D 711 717
- :SYST:PRES 718
- Save/Recall Menu 719
- 714 Appendix D 720
- Appendix D 715 721
- 716 Appendix D 722
- Scale Menu 723
- Stimulus Menu 724
- Sweep Setup Menu 725
- Multiplier 726
- Appendix D 721 727
- System Menu 728
- Appendix D 723 729
- 724 Appendix D 730
- Appendix D 725 731
- 726 Appendix D 732
- Appendix D 727 733
- 728 Appendix D 734
- Trigger Menu 735
- 730 Appendix D 736
- Appendix D 731 737
- 732 Appendix D 738
- E. General Principles of 739
- Operation 739
- System Description 740
- Source Switcher 741
- Signal Separator 741
- Receiver 741
- Data Processing 742
- 740 Appendix E 746
- E5070B/E5071B 747
- Channel and Trace Concepts 748
- Measurement Parameters 748
- Test Port Output Ranges 748
- Sweep Function 749
- Trigger System 751
- Data Flow 752
- Reading/Writing Data 753
- Device Test Functions 754
- Analytical Functions 755
- Comparing Functions 757
- KHZ, 7 KHZ, 10 KHZ, 15 KHZ 758
- KHZ, 30 KHZ, 40 KHZ, 50 KHZ 758
- KHZ, 100 kHz 758
- Appendix F 753 759
- F. Replacing the 8753ES 759
- 754 Appendix F 760
- Offset loss 761
- Frequency range 761
- 756 Appendix F 762
- Definable Not definable 763
- 758 Appendix F 764
- Appendix F 759 765
- 760 Appendix F 766
- Index 761 767
- 762 Index 768
- Frequency Range 769
- Front Keys 769
- Amplitude Offset, 383 770
- Limit table 770
- Data Processing, 738 771
- Point Trigger 771
- 766 Index 772
- Index 767 773
- 768 Index 774
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