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This application note provides an overview of oscilloscope fundamentals. You will
learn what an oscilloscope is and how it operates. We will discuss oscilloscope
applications and give you an overview of basic measurements and performance
characteristics. We will also take a look at the different types of probes and
discuss their advantages and disadvantages.
Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Electronic Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Wave properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Analog versus digital signals . . . . . . . . . 4
What is an Oscilloscope and
Why Do You Need One? . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Signal integrity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
What an oscilloscope looks like . . . . . . 6
An oscilloscope’s purpose . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Types of oscilloscopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Where oscilloscopes are used . . . . . . . 10
Basic Oscilloscope Controls and
Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Basic front-panel controls . . . . . . . . . . 11
Softkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Basic measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Basic mathematical functions . . . . . . . 16
Important Oscilloscope
Performance Characteristics . . . . . . 17
Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Sample rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Memory depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Update rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Oscilloscope connectivity . . . . . . . . . . 20
Oscilloscope Probes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Passive probes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Active probes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Current probes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Probe accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Sales and Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Agilent Technologies
Oscilloscope Fundamentals
Application Note 1606
Introduction
Electronic technology permeates
our lives. Millions of people
use electronic devices such as
cell phones, televisions, and
computers on a daily basis.
As electronic technology
has advanced, the speeds at
which these devices operate
have accelerated. Today, most
devices use high-speed digital
technologies.
Engineers need the ability
to accurately design and test
the components in their high-
speed digital devices. The
instrumentation engineers use to
design and test their components
must be particularly well-suited
to deal with high speeds and
high frequencies. An oscilloscope
is an example of just such an
instrument.
Oscilloscopes are powerful tools
that are useful for designing
and testing electronic devices.
They are vital in determining
which components of a system
are behaving correctly and
which are malfunctioning. They
can also help you determine
whether or not a newly designed
component behaves the way you
intended. Oscilloscopes are far
more powerful than multimeters
because they allow you to see
what the electronic signals
actually look like.
Oscilloscopes are used in a
wide range of fields, from the
automotive industry to university
research laboratories to the
aerospace-defense industry.
Companies rely on oscilloscopes
to help them uncover defects and
produce fully functional products.
Oscilloscopes are essential
to meeting the needs of their
customers with new and better
electronic products.
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Inhaltsverzeichnis

Seite 1 - Oscilloscope Fundamentals

This application note provides an overview of oscilloscope fundamentals. You will learn what an oscilloscope is and how it operates. We will discuss o

Seite 2 - Wave properties

10What Is an Oscilloscope and Why Do You Need One? (continued)Types of oscilloscopesEconomy oscilloscopes Economy oscilloscopes are reasonably priced,

Seite 3 - Waveforms

11Basic Oscilloscope Controls and MeasurementsBasic front-panel controlsBasic front-panel controlsTypically, you operate an oscilloscope using the kno

Seite 4

12Basic Oscilloscope Controls and Measurements (continued)Basic front-panel controlsTrigger controls As we mentioned earlier, triggering on your signa

Seite 5 - Signal integrity

13Basic Oscilloscope Controls and Measurements (continued)Basic front-panel controlsPulse-width triggering – Pulse width triggering is similar to glit

Seite 6

14Basic Oscilloscope Controls and Measurements (continued)SoftkeysSoftkeysSoftkeys are found on oscilloscopes that do not have Windows-based operating

Seite 7

15Figure 22. The blank display of an Agilent 8000 Series oscilloscopeBasic Oscilloscope Controls and Measurements (continued)Basic measurementsBasic m

Seite 8

16Basic Oscilloscope Controls and Measurements (continued)Basic mathematical functionsBasic mathematical functions In addition to the measurements dis

Seite 9

17Important Oscilloscope Performance Properties Bandwidth and channelsMany oscilloscope properties dramatically affect the instrument’s performance an

Seite 10 - Types of oscilloscopes

18Important Oscilloscope Performance Properties (continued)Sample rateSample rateThe sample rate of an oscilloscope is the number of samples the oscil

Seite 11 - Basic front-panel controls

19Memory depth As we mentioned earlier, a digital oscilloscope uses an A/D (analog-to-digital) converter to digitize the input waveform. The digitized

Seite 12

2Electronic Signals Wave propertiesThe main purpose of an oscilloscope is to display electronic signals. By viewing signals displayed on an oscillosco

Seite 13

20Important Oscilloscope Performance Properties (continued)Update rate and oscilloscope connectivityUpdate rateUpdate rate refers to the rate at which

Seite 14 - Softkeys

21Oscilloscope ProbesThe oscilloscope is just one piece of the system that determines how accurately you are able to display and analyze your signals.

Seite 15 - Basic measurements

22Current probes Current probes are used to measure the current flowing through a circuit. They tend to be big and have limited bandwidth (100 MHz).Os

Seite 16 - Basic mathematical functions

23Related literaturePublication title Publication type Publication numberChoosing an Oscilloscope with the Right Bandwidth for Your ApplicationApplica

Seite 17 - Bandwidth and channels

Windows and Microsoft are U.S. registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.For more information on Agilent Technologies’ products, applications or

Seite 18 - Sample rate

3Electronic Signals (continued)WaveformsWaveforms A waveform is the shape or representation of a wave. Waveforms can provide you with a great deal of

Seite 19 - Memory depth

4Electronic Signals (continued)WaveformsTriangular/sawtooth waves In a triangular wave, the voltage varies linearly with time. The edges are called ra

Seite 20 - Oscilloscope connectivity

5What Is an Oscilloscope and Why Do You Need One? Signal integrity Signal integrity The main purpose of an oscilloscope is to give an accurate visual

Seite 21 - Oscilloscope Probes

6What Is an Oscilloscope and Why Do You Need One? (continued)What an oscilloscope looks likeWhat an oscilloscope looks like In general, modern digitiz

Seite 22 - Probe accessories

7What Is an Oscilloscope and Why Do You Need One? (continued)An oscilloscope’s purposeAn oscilloscope’s purpose An oscilloscope is a measurement and t

Seite 23 - Conclusion

8What Is an Oscilloscope and Why Do You Need One? (continued)Types of oscilloscopesTypes of oscilloscopes Analog oscilloscopes The first oscilloscopes

Seite 24 - Remove all doubt

9What Is an Oscilloscope and Why Do You Need One? (continued)Types of oscilloscopesMixed signal oscilloscopes (MSOs) In a DSO, the input signal is ana

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