Agilent Technologies 54645D Spezifikationen

About this Manual We’ve added this manual to the Agilent website in an effort to help you support your product. This manual is the best copy we co

Testing Threshold Accuracy 7–12To set up and connect the equipment 7–13To verify threshold accuracy 7–14To check the output of the CALIBRATOR 7–15

Displaying Analog Channels After the AcquisitionThe two scope channels are always acquired, so you can turn them on and look at them even if they were

Pan and ZoomThe ability to pan (move horizontally) and zoom (expand or compresshorizontally) an acquired waveform is important because of the addition

In peak detect display mode, the useful limit is more apparent from thedisplay. As we zoom in on peak detected data, we eventually see theresolution o

With vectors off, the resolution limit appears as shown in the following figure.Resolution Limit in Peak Detect with Vectors OffRecall that in peak de

Recovering the waveform on the screenIn the HP 54645A/D, pressing Run/Stop freezes the screen. Wheneither of the following occur, there will be seve

Changing the time reference position1Press Main/Delayed .2Choose the time reference position from the Time Reference softkeys:•To set the time referen

The time reference position sets the initial position of the trigger event withinacquisition memory and on the display, with delay set to 0. The delay

At 5 µs/div, we are sampling at 200 MSa/s (scope), and 400 MSa/s (digital).When no delay value is set, and the time reference is set to Center, thetri

When we pan the display (move it horizontally) back and set the delay to15 µs, the trigger point is displayed on the screen. The part of the signal we

Setting a negative delay lets us look at the part of the signal to the left of thetrigger point. Suppose we set the time reference to Right, with a sw

To remove the power supply 8–8To remove the keyboard 8–9To remove the handle 8–9Replacing the Option 005 board 8–10Replaceable Parts 8–11To order a re

If we set the time reference to center, then pan the display back to set thedelay to 0 µs, the trigger point is displayed at center screen, and the re

Post Acquisition ProcessingIn addition to changing display parameters after the acquisition, all of themeasurements and math functions can be done aft

Run/Stop/Single/Autostore/Erase OperationDuring an acquisition, the oscilloscope examines the input voltage ateach input probe. •For analog channels o

Acquiring DataThe HP 54645A/D operates like an analog scope, but it can do much more.Spending a few minutes to learn some of this capability will take

Memory Depth/Record LengthRun/Stop versus SingleThe HP 54645A/D both have a Single key and a Run/Stop key. When youpress Run, the trigger processing o

Given that this is the case, we now have two options:•We could acquire a full 500,000 points for every acquisition, resulting insome samples being “of

To run and stop an acquisition•To begin an acquisition, press the Run/Stop key.The instrument begins acquiring data while searching for a trigger con

To capture a single eventTo capture a single event, you need some previous knowledge of the signal toset up the trigger level and slope. For example,

4Press Single .Pressing Single arms the trigger circuit. When the trigger conditionsare met, data appears on the display, representing the data points

To use AutostoreWith Autostore or infinite persistence, the scope updates the display withnew acquisitions, but does not erase the results of previous

1Getting Started

To Autostore Multiple Single EventsTo Autostore single events, you first need to configure the instrument to dosingle Autostores.1Press Autostore to

To erase the waveform display•Press Erase .Acquisition memory and the current display are immediately erased. If theinstrument is in Run or Autostore

Using Digital Channels to Probe CircuitsYou may encounter problems when using the HP 54645D that are related toprobing. These problems fall into two c

High-Frequency Probe Equivalent CircuitThe impedance plots for the two models are shown in these figures. Bycomparing the two plots, you can see that

Probe GroundingA probe ground is the low-impedance path for current to return to the sourcefrom the probe. Increased length in this path will, at high

In addition to the common mode voltage—ground bounce—longer groundreturns also degrade the pulse fidelity of the probe system. Risetime isincreased, a

Saving and Recalling the ConfigurationWith the HP 54645A/D Oscilloscopes, you can save traces and theoscilloscope setup. Traces are stored in trace me

Trace Memory Softkeys on HP 54645D with HP 54659B Measurement/Storage Module InstalledSetup memoryThe HP 54645A/D has 10 separate setup memories that

For example, suppose that you use the HP 54645A/D in field testing of asystem where ten separate tests are used. You can predefine the testconfigurati

To save, recall, and clear tracesTo save traces, two trace memories are available. The following exerciseshows you how to store and recall waveforms f

Getting StartedWhen you use the HP 54645A/D Oscilloscopes to help test andtroubleshoot your systems, you will do the following:• Prepare the oscillosc

3Select a trace memory by pressing the Trace softkey.4Press the Save to Mem<N> softkey.The current oscilloscope screen and setup are copied to t

To save or recall front-panel setupsTen memories are available to store front-panel setups. Saving front-panelsetups can save you time in situations w

Table 4-1HP 54645A Factory-Preset Default Configuration SettingsConfiguration Item SettingCursors Cursors off; time readout is selected; all cursors a

Table 4-2HP 54645D Factory-Preset Default Configuration SettingsConfiguration Item SettingCursors Cursors off; time readout is selected; all cursors a

Configuring the Mixed-Signal OscilloscopeThis section describes how to configure the following items for theHP 54645D Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope, inclu

Logic Threshold SetupThe threshold voltage setting is used by the input comparators to determinewhether an input signal is a logic low or logic high.

Using Labels on the Mixed-Signal OscilloscopeThe HP 54645D Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope allows you to define andassign labels to each input channel. Or,

To assign a predefined label to a channel1Press Label/Threshold .2Press the Define Labels softkey.The following figure shows the label maker. A label

If you defined a new label, it is added to the non-volatile label list and will besaved with the oscilloscope configuration.HP 54645D Label Definition

Label List ManagementThe label list contains 75 of the most recently used labels. The list does not saveduplicate labels, nor does it save multiple la

The HP 54645A/D high-speed display can be used to isolateinfrequently changing signals. You can then use the characteristics ofthese signals to help r

4To enter characters into the new label:aPress the Position softkey until the cursor position in the entry fieldcorresponds to the point where you wan

To initialize the label list1Press Label/Threshold .2Press the Initialize Label List softkey.A message appears, warning you that this operation will o

5Making Measurements withHP 54645A/D Oscilloscopes

Making Measurements with HP 54645A/DOscilloscopesBy now you are familiar with the VERTICAL/ANALOG, HORIZONTAL, andTRIGGER groups of the front-panel ke

Capturing DataIn the HP 54645A Oscilloscope, an 8-bit A/D converter converts theinput waveform into an evenly-spaced series of voltage readings.These

To use delayed sweepYou can use the delayed sweep window to locate and horizontally expandpart of the main sweep for a more detailed (high-resolution)

The screen divides in half. The top half displays the main sweep, and thebottom half displays an expanded portion of the main sweep. This expandedpo

To view asynchronous noise on a signalThe following exercise shows how to use the oscilloscope to viewasynchronous noise on a signal that is not synch

2Press Autostore .Notice that STORE is displayed in the status line.3Set the trigger mode to normal, then adjust the trigger level into thenoise regio

To reduce the random noise on a signalIf the signal you are applying to the oscilloscope is noisy, you can set up theoscilloscope to reduce the noise

Preparing the OscilloscopeTo prepare your HP 54645A Oscilloscope or HP 54645D Mixed-SignalOscilloscope for use, you need to do the following tasks. Af

Low-frequency reject (LF reject) adds a high-pass filter with the 3-dB pointat 50 kHz. Use LF reject to remove low-frequency signals, such as power l

3Use averaging to reduce noise on the displayed waveform.•Press Display , then press Average.Notice that Av appears in the status line.•Toggle the # A

To capture glitches or narrow pulses with peak detectA glitch is a rapid change in the waveform that is usually narrow as comparedto the waveform. Pea

3Characterize the glitch with delayed sweep.To characterize the glitch with delayed sweep, follow these steps:•Press Main/Delayed . Press the Delayed

With the Measurement/Storage module installed, two functions define theseoperations that create mathematically altered waveforms (not pixel math):•Fun

To use the XY display modeThe XY display mode converts the oscilloscope from a volts-versus-timedisplay to a volts-versus-volts display. You can use

Signal Centered on the Display4Press Cursors .5Set the Y2 cursor to the top of the signal, and set Y1 to the bottom ofthe signal.Note the ∆Y value at

Cursors Set to Center of Signal6Move the Y1 and Y2 cursors to the center of the signal.Again, note the ∆Y value.7Calculate the phase difference using

Signals are 90° Out of PhaseSignals are In PhaseFigure 5-12Figure 5-13Making Measurements with HP 54645A/D OscilloscopesTo use the XY display mode5-17

To analyze video waveformsThe TV sync separator in the oscilloscope has an internal clamp circuit. Thisremoves the need for external clamping when yo

Check package contents•Verify that you received the following items and any optionalaccessories in the HP 54645A/D packaging.If anything is missing, c

5Set the time base to 200 µs/div, then center the signal on the displaywith the Delay knob (delay about 800 µs).6Press Main/Delayed , then press the D

8Press Main/Delayed , then press the Main softkey.9Use the horizontal vernier to change the time base to 1 µs/div, thencenter the signal on the displa

Triggering on both TV Fields at the Same TimeThe HP 54645A/D Oscilloscopes can trigger on the vertical sync pulse in both TVfields at the same time. T

Measuring Waveform DataWith the HP 54645A/D Oscilloscopes, you can measure waveform datausing Voltage, Time, and Cursor keys. This section shows you h

Use the Entry knob to move the cursors. You can toggle the active cursorby pressing the cursor key while in the cursors menu.Cursor measurements are n

Cursors Track Delayed SweepExpand the display with delayed sweep, then characterize the event ofinterest with the cursors.Figure 5-18Making Measuremen

Moving Cursors TogetherPressing the time cursor softkey until both time cursors are highlightedallows you to move them together when rotating the Entr

To make frequency measurements automaticallyThe automatic measurement capability of the HP 54645A/D Oscilloscopesallows you to easily make frequency m

•To find the Show Meas softkey, press the Next Menu softkey key.When the Show Meas softkey is turned on, cursors are displayed onthe waveform, and sho

To make time measurements automaticallyYou can measure the following time parameters with the oscilloscope:frequency, period, duty cycle, positive and

Items Supplied with the HP 54645A/D OscilloscopesFigure 1-3Getting StartedCheck package contents1-6

2Press Time .The first softkey menu appears with frequency, period, and duty cyclemeasurement choices.Source selects channel 1 or 2 for the time meas

4Press the Rise Time softkey.The oscilloscope automatically measures the rise time of the signal anddisplays the result on the display.Automatic Measu

To measure the duty cycle•Press Next Menu until you find the Duty Cy softkey, and press it.To measure the pulse widths1To measure the positive pulse w

To make voltage measurements automaticallyYou can measure the following voltage parameters automatically with theoscilloscope: peak-to-peak, average,

Voltage MeasurementsVoltage measurements do not work on digital channels on HP 54645D.1Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable displ

Isolating Area for Vtop Voltage Measurement4Press the Next Menu softkey.A softkey menu appears with additional voltage measurement choices.Show Meas

6Using Option 005 EnhancedTV/Video Trigger (HP 54645A)

Using Option 005 EnhancedTV/Video TriggerYou can use the Option 005 Enhanced TV/Video trigger with theHP 54645A Oscilloscope. One of the first things

Option 005 gives you an Enhanced TV/Video Trigger for theHP 54645A Oscilloscope, allowing highly detailed analysis ofTV waveforms. This option offers:

To autoscale on a video signal1Use a cable to connect a TV signal to channel 1.2Press Slope/Glitch in the TRIGGER section of the front panel,and sele

Optional Accessories for the HP 54645A/D OscilloscopesFigure 1-4Getting StartedCheck package contents1-7

To trigger on a specific line of videoTV triggering requires greater than 1/4 division of sync amplitude, eitherchannel 1 or channel 2 as the trigger

Triggering on Line 71Note the TV Grid displayed (selected from the Display menu).Table 6-1Line Numbers per Field for Each TV StandardTV Standard Field

To trigger on all TV line sync pulsesTo quickly find maximum video levels, you could trigger on all TV line syncpulses. When All Lines is selected as

To trigger on a specific field of the video signalTo examine the components of a video signal, trigger on either Field 1 orField 2. When a specific f

To trigger on all fields of the video signalTo quickly and easily view transitions between fields, or to find the amplitudedifferences between the fie

To trigger on odd or even fieldsTo check the envelope of your video signals, or to measure worst casedistortion, trigger on the odd or even fields. W

If a more detailed analysis is required, then only one color field should beselected to be the trigger. You can do this by using the oscilloscope’s h

To analyze video waveforms with Option 005The combination of the TV trigger, delayed sweep, and automaticmeasurements allow this oscilloscope to preci

5Set the time base to 200 µs/div, then center the signal on the displaywith the delay knob (delay about 800 µs).6Press Main/Delayed , then press the D

6-14

Table 1-1Power CordsPlug Type Cable PartNo.Plug Description Lengthin/cmColorOpt 903 (U.S.A.)124V **8120-1378 Straight (NEMA5-15P*) 90/228 Jade GrayOpt

7Testing, Adjusting, andTroubleshooting

Testing, Adjusting, and TroubleshootingThis chapter explains the general procedures for solving problems,verifying correct oscilloscope operation, adj

Solving Problems with HP 54645A/DOscilloscopesThis chapter describes possible solutions if you encounter problemswhile making measurements with HP 546

If there is no trace displayCheck that the power cord is connected to the oscilloscope and to a livepower source.Check that the front-panel power swit

If the trace display is unusual or unexpectedCheck that the Time/Div setting is correct for the expected frequencyrange of the input signals.The sampl

Check that the grabbers are securely connected to the nodes in thecircuit under test.Check that the circuit under test is powered on.You may have pres

Getting ServiceIf the oscilloscope is under warranty, you must return it toHewlett-Packard for all service work covered by the warranty. See "To

To return the oscilloscope to Hewlett-PackardBefore shipping the oscilloscope to Hewlett-Packard, contact your nearestHewlett-Packard Sales Office for

Verifying Oscilloscope PerformanceTo completely test and troubleshoot the oscilloscope, you will need tofabricate two test accessories:• The test conn

1Build the first test connector using a BNC connector and an 8-by-2section of Berg strip.aSolder a jumper wire to all pins on one side of the Berg str

User and Service GuidePublication Number 54645-97012December 1997 (pdf version Nov 1998)For Safety Information, Warranties, and Regulatory information

Adjust the handle Connect the cables1Check to ensure that you received everything that is supplied withthe oscilloscope.2Connect the oscilloscope to p

To test the digital channelsInstructions for HP 54645DThese instructions apply only to the HP 54645D Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope.Testing the acquisition

Testing Threshold AccuracyInstructions for HP 54645DThese instructions apply only to the HP 54645D Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope.Testing the threshold acc

To set up and connect the equipmentInstructions for HP 54645DThese instructions apply only to the HP 54645D Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope.1Turn on the tes

To verify threshold accuracyInstructions for HP 54645DThese instructions apply only to the HP 54645D Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope.1Press Label/Threshold

To check the output of the CALIBRATORIn this test, you measure the output of the rear-panel DC CALIBRATOROUTPUT with a multimeter. The CALIBRATOR is u

To verify voltage measurement accuracyIn this test, you verify the voltage measurement accuracy by measuring theoutput of a power supply using dual cu

1Set up the oscilloscope.aPress Setup , then press the Default Setup softkey.bAdjust the channel 1 Position knob to place the baseline atapproximately

7Continue checking the voltage measurement accuracy with theremaining power supply setting lines in the following table.Table 7-6 Voltage Measurement

To verify bandwidthIn this test you verify bandwidth by using a power meter and power sensor toset output of a signal generator at 1 MHz and at 100 MH

1Connect the equipment.aConnect the signal generator to the input of the power splitter.bConnect the power sensor to one output of the power splitter,

Power-on the oscilloscope1Connect the power cord to the rear of theHP 54645A/D, then to a suitable ac voltagesource.The HP 54645A/D power supplyautoma

8Change the time base to 5 ns/div.Wait a few seconds for the measurement to settle (the Av letters in the statusline indicate how much of the averagin

To verify horizontal ∆t and 1/∆t accuracyIn this test, you verify the horizontal ∆t and 1/∆t accuracy by measuring theoutput of a time mark generator

5Press Time , then press the Freq and Period softkeys.You should measure the following:Frequency 1 MHz, test limits are 995.9 kHz to 1.0042 MHz.Period

To verify trigger sensitivityIn this test, you verify the trigger sensitivity by applying 25 MHz to theoscilloscope. The amplitude of the signal is d

Internal TrigSensitivity1Press Setup , then press Default Setup.2Connect the signal generator to channel 1 using a 50-Ω feedthroughat the oscilloscope

External TrigSensitivity6Verify the external trigger sensitivity at 100 MHz, 100 mVp-p and at25 MHz, 50 mVp-p.Instructions for HP 54645A OnlyThis proc

To verify vertical output on Option 005This section applies only to the Option 005 Enhanced TV/Video Trigger.In this test, we will use the oscilloscop

HP 54645A/D Performance Test RecordSerial No. ______________________________________ Test by____________________________Test Interval ________________

Adjusting the OscilloscopeThis section explains how to adjust the oscilloscope so that it is atoptimum operating performance. You should perform the

To adjust the power supplyThe power supply has a +5.1 V adjustment and a –5.25 V adjustment. Theother voltages are based on the +5.1 V adjustment. I

Using the digital probes to probe a circuit 1If you feel it’s necessary, turn off the powersupply to the circuit under test.Turning off power to the c

2Measure the power supply voltages at E1 through E6 on the systemboard.The test points are not marked on the system board; see the following figurefor

If the +5.1 V measurement is out of tolerance, adjust the +5.1 V adjustmenton the power supply; if the –5.25 V measurement is out of tolerance, adjust

To perform the self-calibrationIn this procedure, you load the default calibration factors to give a knownstarting point for the firmware calibration.

1Check the rear panel CALIBRATOR output level.If you are not sure how to check the CALIBRATOR, see "To check the outputof the CALIBRATOR."2L

To adjust the low-frequency compensationIn this procedure, you adjust the low-frequency compensation adjustment foreach channel.Table 7-14Equipment Re

6Adjust the channel 1 low-frequency compensation adjustment for asflat a pulse top as possible.Channel 1 is labeled "1" on HP 54645A and &qu

1Connect the pulse generator to channel 1, using a 50-Ω feedthroughat the oscilloscope input.Channel 1 is labeled "1" on HP 54645A and "

To adjust the displayThe display adjustments are optional and normally do not requireadjustment. You should use this procedure only for the few cases

8Adjust HB Cont (half-bright contrast) for the best contrast betweenthe half-bright and full-bright blocks.You can re-adjust Sub Bri, intensity contro

To adjust the Option 005 offset (R15) (HP 54645A)On the Option 005 board, there is only one adjustment. You must calibratethe oscilloscope before perf

6Connect the ground lead on each set of channels,using a probe grabber. The ground lead improvessignal fidelity to the instrument, ensuringaccurate me

Troubleshooting the OscilloscopeThe service policy for this instrument is replacement of defectiveassemblies. The following procedures can help isola

To construct your own dummy load1Obtain a connector that is compatible with the connector J3 on theLow Voltage Power Supply.2Connect the following loa

To check out the oscilloscope 1Is there an interface module connected to the rear panel of theoscilloscope?If yes, do the following steps. If not, go

6Disconnect the ribbon cable from the display board, then check thefollowing signals on the system board. Table 7-19 Display SignalsSignal Name Freque

9Is the fan running?If yes, go to "To run the internal self-tests." If not, do the steps below.The Low Voltage Power Supply has a thermal c

To clear error messagesOne or more of the following error messages may appear on the display(within the graticule space) as a result of internal NVRA

3If any Fail message appears on the display after cycling power:aPress any menu key and cycle the power on the oscilloscope again.bHold the menu key d

To check the Low Voltage Power Supply1Disconnect the power cord, remove the cover and set theoscilloscope on its side.CAUTIONIf you operate the oscill

If the +5.1 V measurement is out of tolerance, adjust the +5.1 V adjustmenton the power supply; if the –5.25 V measurement is out of tolerance, adjust

To run the internal self-tests1Perform the display test.aPress Print/Utility .bPress Service Menu, then Self Tst Menu and Display.cDo the half-bright

Using the oscilloscope probes1Connect the HP 10074A 1.5-meter, 10:1 oscilloscope probe BNCconnector to the channel 1 or 2 input on the HP 54645A or to

4Perform the ROM testaPress the ROM softkey.bDoes the display message say "Scope self-test passed"?If yes, press any key to continue. If no

To troubleshoot Option 005To isolate a malfunction to the Option 005 board, do the following:1Disconnect the three cables that connect the Option 005

8Replacement Parts

Replacement PartsThis chapter contains instructions for removing and orderingreplaceable assemblies. Also included is a parts list for the assembliesa

Removing and Replacing AssembliesRefer to the exploded view of the oscilloscope in this chapter fordetails on how the oscilloscope fits together. To i

To remove the cabinet1Turn off the oscilloscope and disconnect the power cable.2If a module is installed, remove it from the oscilloscope.3Using the T

To remove the front panel1Remove the intensity knob by pulling it straight out.2Disconnect the keyboard ribbon cable from the system board.3Remove the

To remove the display1Remove the front panel on the HP 54645A/D.2Disconnect the ribbon cable and the calibration cable from thedisplay.3Using the T10

To remove the front-panel BNC connectorsThis procedure applies to channel 1 and 2 BNC connectors on HP 54645A,and to channel A1 and A2 BNC connectors

To remove the power supply1Remove the fan.2Disconnect the ground wire (green wire with the yellow stripe) fromthe deck.3Disconnect the ribbon cable fr

1-14

To remove the keyboard1Remove the front panel.2Remove all the knobs by pulling straight out.3Flex the bezel of the front panel to unsnap the small key

Replacing the Option 005 boardThe Option 005 board is only serviceable at the board level. No component level information is available. WARNINGHazardo

Replaceable PartsThe Hewlett-Packard exchange program allows you to exchange afaulty assembly with one that has been repaired and performanceverified

To order a replacement part•To order a part in the material list, quote the Hewlett-Packard partnumber, indicate the quantity desired, and address the

Exploded View of HP 54645A/D OscilloscopeFigure 8-3Replacement PartsTo order a replacement part8-13

Table 8-1 HP 54645A/D Oscilloscope Replaceable PartsReferenceDesignatorHP PartNumberQty DescriptionA1 0950-2735 1 Power supply assemblyA2 2090-0316 1

ReferenceDesignatorHP PartNumberQty DescriptionMP17 54630-94605 1 Rear-panel labelMP18 (HP 54645A) 54645-42501 1 External trigger nutMP19 54630-61601

Exploded View of Option 005 and Related Oscilloscope PartsFigure 8-4Replacement PartsTo order a replacement part8-16

Table 8-2 Option 005 Replaceable PartsReference DesignatorHP PartNumberQty DescriptionA3 * 1 System Board (part of standard instrument)A5 54602-66502

8-18

2Front-Panel Overview

9Performance Characteristics

Performance CharacteristicsThis chapter lists the operating characteristics and performancespecifications for both the HP 54645A and HP 54645D Oscillo

HP 54645A/D OscilloscopesNumber of Channels 2 Analog—labeled 1 and 2 on HP 54645A, A1 and A2 on HP 54645DProbes 10074ARange 1 mV/div - 5 V/divVernier

HP 54645D Digital ChannelsNumber of Channels 16 Digital—labeled D0-D15Threshold Selections D0-D7, D8-D15Maximum Input Voltage ± 40 V peakThreshold Ran

HP 54645A/D Oscilloscope Digitizing SystemVertical Resolution 8 bits on all settings except 7 bits on < 2 mV/div to1 mV/divHorizontal Resolution 50

HP 54645A/D Time BaseRange 2 ns/div to 50 s/div (HP 54645A)5 ns/div to 50 s/div (HP 54645D)Resolution 40 psVernier 1-2-5 increments when Off, 25 minor

HP 54645A/D Oscilloscope Trigger SystemSources Channels 1 and 2, line, and EXT (on HP 54645A only)Range (Internal) ± 6 divEdges Either rising or falli

HP 54645A Oscilloscope Trigger SystemTrigger System Source, Mode/Coupling, Slope/GlitchHoldoff, LevelChannels 1 and 2, Line, EXT (no trigger out)Eithe

HP 54645A/D Setup FunctionsSave/Recall 10 front-panel setups can be stored and recalled fromnon-volatile memory.Trace Memory Two volatile pixel memori

HP 54645A/D General CharacteristicsEnvironmentalCharacteristicsMeets the requirements of MIL-T-28800D for Type III, Class 3, Style Dequipment as descr

Front-Panel OverviewBefore you make measurements using the HP 54645A Oscilloscope andHP 54645D Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope, you must first set up the in

Option 005 General Performance CharacteristicsVideo Standards NTSC, PAL, PAL-M, SECAM, GenericVideo Trigger Modes:Line Field 1, Field 2, Alternate Fie

9-12

10Messages

MessagesThis chapter presents the various messages displayed by theinstrument, explains what they mean, and gives instructions forcorrective action if

MessagesAddress ErrorA processing fault occurred during operation. Cycle power to theoscilloscope, or perform a hard reset by cycling power with the t

Delay time = When the Horizontal Mode is Delayed, this message appears while you areadjusting the Delay knob, to inform you of the current delay time

Measurement already selectedThis message appears when you select a single-channel measurement that isalready running. Note that measurement results fo

Privilege ViolationA processing fault occurred during operation. Cycle power to theoscilloscope, or perform a hard reset by cycling power with one of

The Label List has not been changedThis message appears when you press the No softkey during any step of labellist reinitialization. Initialization of

Threshold is at limitThe threshold setting is used by the HP 54645D oscilloscope digital channelinput comparators to decide whether a signal is a logi

Viewing Signal Detail with Display ModeRemember how you had to constantly adjust the brightness on old analogscopes to see a desired level of detail i

GlossaryThis glossary is organized into two parts: logic and scope terms.Logic terms apply only to theHP 54645D MSO (Mixed-SignalOscilloscope), and sc

Entered trigger operator isused in the advanced pattern trigger.“Entered” means that the triggerqualifier is satisfied as soon as the in-put waveforms

Sweep speed (time base) is theamount of time per division on thedisplay, and is shown on the statusline. When you vary the Time/Div set-ting while run

Autostore records the result ofevery acquisition on the display inhalf-bright tone. When Autostore ison, the oscilloscope updates pixel(display) memor

Delayed a horizontal mode thatgives an expanded view of the mainsweep.Delayed sweep is the oscilloscopedisplay function that magnifies thecontents of

Glitch trigger mode is indicatedby a positive or negative pulse on thestatus line. In glitch capture mode,the oscilloscope uses memory re-sources to r

Noise Rej (noise reject) decreasesthe trigger sensitivity to reduce trig-gering on signal noise.Normal allows a waveform to bedisplayed if a trigger s

Run acquires data and displays themost recent trace.Run indicator is displayed at theright end of the status line when theacquisition is running.Sampl

Softkeys set up various optionsfor major functions. The softkeyschange depending on the functionyou select. Some softkeys have animmediate action, and

Trigger mode can be set to AutoLevel, Auto, or Normal. See “Normaltrigger mode” or “Auto trigger mode.”TV allows access to the TV modeand polarity key

The simplest averaging is “smoothing.” For example, the sample rate at aTime/Div setting of ≥ 2 µs/div allows the extra 5-ns samples to be smoothedtog

IndexAaccessoriesoptional, 1–7supplied, 1–5 to 1–9accuracytesting thresholds, 7–12acquisitionand channels off, 2–24buffer, 2–28indicator for, 2–13 to

preset configuration, 4–48selecting, 2–26selecting for edge trigger, 3–16selecting for pattern trigger, 3–17test thresholds, 7–14testing acquisition s

EECL threshold, 4–51 to 4–52Edge, 3–16edge and pattern triggers combined, 3–22edge qualifier in pattern trigger, 3–17edge trigger, 3–16applications of

status, 2–13 to 2–14initializing label list, 4–58inputsetting signal thresholds, 4–51signals setting threshold, 4–51 to 4–52input channelsperformance

non-volatile settingslabel list, 4–56non-volatile setup memory, 4–44NTSC, 6–4, 6–6, 6–10 to 6–11Oodd field, 6–10 to 6–11On/Off"Off" channels

sensing, 2–23tip design, 4–40probe cable, 1–11 to 1–12probe calibratorperformance characteristics, 9–9probe leadsremoving from cable, 1–12probesconnec

On/Off, 2–24Pattern, 3–17softwareBenchLink for Microsoft Windows, 1–7solutions to problemschannels, 7–5 to 7–6trace display, 7–4 to 7–5solving problem

trigger eventposition in acquisition memory, 4–22 to4–28trigger modeAuto, 2–13 to 2–14Normal, 2–13 to 2–14trigger not foundand auto trigger, 3–3trigge

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITYaccording to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and EN 45014Manufacturer’s Name:Hewlett-Packard CompanyManufacturer’s Address:Colorado Springs

Product RegulationsSafetyIEC 1010-1:1990+A1 / EN 61010-1:1993UL 3111CSA-C22.2 No.1010.1:1993EMCThis Product meets the requirement of the European Comm

The HP 54645A/D at a GlanceDisplay shows current input signals•Eighteen (18) channels in main mode;2 scope and 8 timing channels indelayed mode (HP 54

Delayed SweepDelayed sweep on the HP 54645A/D is a simultaneous display of thewaveform at two different sweep speeds. Because of the deep memory in th

© Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 1996-1997All Rights Reserved.Reproduction, adaptation, ortranslation without priorwritten permission isprohibited,

Product WarrantyThis Hewlett-Packardproduct has a warrantyagainst defects in materialand workmanship for a periodof three years from date ofshipment.

HP 54645A/D Front PanelsHP 54645A Oscilloscope Front PanelTriggerKeysDisplay StorageKeysSoftkeysBrightnessControlPowerTriggerInputChannelInputs/Contro

HP 54645D Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope Front PanelTriggerKeysDisplay StorageKeysSoftkeysBrightnessControlPowerAnalog ChannelInputs/ControlsMeasurementKey

Description of Front-Panel AreasTable 2-1HP 54645A Front-Panel AreasFront-Panel Areas Functions Control KnobsDisplay Shows waveforms, measurement resu

Table 2-2HP 54645D Front-Panel AreasFront-Panel Areas Functions Control KnobsDisplay Shows waveforms, measurement results and instrumentconfiguration

Table 2-3HP 54645A/D Front-Panel SpecificsGeneral Front-Panel AreasDescription Applies to Unit:Waveform Display The waveform display area shows all ac

General Front-Panel AreasDescription Applies to Unit:Keypad and Softkeys Some keys, such as On/Off and Label also have special functionswhile in the m

General Front-Panel AreasDescription Applies to Unit:The Position knob moves the selected channel to a new verticalposition on the display. The HP 546

Front-Panel Areas Description Applies to Unit:Status Indicators Status indicators include the following:Channels that are turned off are visible only

Front-Panel Areas Description Applies to Unit: Trigger condition shows the current trigger mode. The AutoLevel and Auto trigger modes display the &q

In This BookThis manual will guide you in using andservicing the HP 54645A Oscilloscopeand the HP 54645D Mixed-SignalOscilloscope. This manual is orga

Front-Panel Areas Description Applies to Unit:Channel Numbers The channel numbers are always shown along the left edge of thedisplay.HP 54645A/DChanne

Front-Panel OperationBy now you should be somewhat familiar with the VERTICAL orANALOG, STORAGE, HORIZONTAL, TRIGGER, and DIGITAL groups of front-pane

To use oscilloscope channels to view a signal•To configure the instrument quickly, press Autoscale .•To undo the effects of autoscale, press Setup , t

To use digital channels to view a signal•To configure the instrument quickly, press Autoscale .•To undo the effects of autoscale, press Setup , then p

To display signals automatically using Autoscale •To configure the instrument quickly, press Autoscale .Autoscale displays all connected signals that

During Autoscale, the delay is set to 0.0 seconds, the Time/Div setting is afunction of the input signal (about 2 periods of the triggered signal on t

To adjust oscilloscope vertical scalingThis exercise guides you through the vertical keys, knobs, and status line.1Center the signal on the display us

•Toggle each softkey and notice which keys cause the status line to change.Channels 1 and 2 have a vernier softkey that allows the Volts/Divknob to ch

To Expand the Vertical SignalWhen changing the Volts/Div for analog channels, you can have the signalexpand (or compress) about the signal offset or t

To turn analog channels on and off •To turn off analog channel #1, press 1 (on the HP 54645A),or A1 (on the HP 54645D), then press the leftmost sof

iv

To turn digital channels on and off (HP 54645D)•To turn digital channels 0 through 7 on, press D0-D15 , thenpress the D0 - D7 On softkey. To turn th

To rearrange the digital channels (HP 54645D) 1Turn the Select knob to choose the digital channel you want to move.Only channels that are currently on

To operate the time base controlsThe following exercise guides you through the time base keys, knobs, andstatus line.•Turn the Time/Div knob and notic

All events displayed left of the trigger point ▼ happened before the triggeroccurred, and these events are called pre-trigger information. You will f

To use the Entry and Select knobsThe Select knob (HP 54645D only) always changes the selected channel. Inmost menus, its order is screen-oriented. In

To make cursor measurementsThe following steps guide you through the front-panel Cursors key. You canuse the cursors to make custom voltage or time m

On HP 54645D, the Readout softkey gives a reading of the time orvoltage cursor measurement.•For the time cursor readout, you can select Time, Hex, Bin

To use delayed sweepDelayed sweep is a magnified portion of the main sweep. You can usedelayed sweep to locate and horizontally expand part of the ma

To modify the graticule1Press Display .2Press one of the Grid softkeys to define the graticule used for thewaveform area on the display.•Frame has a s

To print the displayYou can print the waveform display and status line to an HP printer orEpson-compatible printer attached to one of these optional i

Contents1 Getting StartedPreparing the Oscilloscope 1–4Check package contents 1–5Adjust the handle 1–9Connect the cables 1–9Power-on the oscillos

3Triggering HP 54645A/D Oscilloscopes

Triggering HP 54645A/D OscilloscopesThe HP 54645A/D Oscilloscopes provide a full set of features to helpautomate your measurement tasks, including Meg

Selecting Trigger Modes and ConditionsThe trigger mode affects the way in which the oscilloscope searchesfor the trigger. Figure 3-1 shows the concept

When you select Single, the oscilloscope will fill acquisition memory, andcontinue flowing data through the pre-trigger buffer until the auto triggero

To use holdoffBy setting the Holdoff, you can synchronize triggers. The oscilloscope willtrigger on one edge of the waveform, and ignore further edges

To trigger on a complex waveformThe difficulty in viewing a complex waveform is triggering on the signal. Thesimplest trigger method is to trigger the

Triggering the HP 54645A OscilloscopeThe HP 54645A Oscilloscope allows you to synchronize the display tothe actions of the circuit under test by defin

To trigger on an edge1Press Source .2Select 1, 2, Ext, or Line as the trigger source.You can choose a channel that is turned off as the source for the

To use glitch triggering1Press Slope/Glitch . Then select Glitch.2Select Glitch Menu.3Define the polarity, duration qualifier, and duration time for

To use line triggering•Press Source . Then select Line.To use TV triggering1Press Source . Select 1 or 2 for the Trigger Source channel.2Press Slop

3 Triggering HP 54645A/D OscilloscopesSelecting Trigger Modes and Conditions 3–3To select a trigger mode: Auto Lvl, Auto, Normal 3–3To use holdoff

Triggering the HP 54645D Mixed-SignalOscilloscopeThe HP 54645D Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope allows you to synchronizethe oscilloscope display to the acti

Trigger typesThese trigger types are available:•Edge trigger•Pattern trigger•Advanced triggerChanges to the trigger specification are applied when you

Glitch TriggerThe advanced glitch trigger menu lets you select the analog (A1 or A2) ordigital (D0-D15) channel on which to capture a glitch event. Yo

Specifying a Logic ThresholdYou can specify a threshold for the logic channels. See “To change the logicthreshold for input signals” in chapter 4 for

Sharing of SourcesThe source definitions for the simple pattern trigger are shared with thePattern 1 and Edge 1 sources of the advanced pattern trigge

To define an edge trigger1Press Edge .2Select a channel as the trigger source using either the Select knob orby pressing a Trigger Source softkey.You

To define a pattern trigger1Press Pattern .2For each analog channel (A1 or A2) or digital channel (D0-D15) youwant to include in the desired pattern,

To use glitch triggering1Press Advancd . Then select Glitch.2Select Glitch Menu.3Select the analog channel (A1 or A2) or digital channel (D0-D15)sour

To define an advanced pattern triggerThe advanced triggering operation depends on previous selections in theAdvanced Trigger menu.1Press Advancd . The

5Select the source(s) for the trigger operator by pressing the leftmostSource softkey until the desired source is highlighted.Refer to the table of tr

Run/Stop/Single/Autostore/Erase Operation 4–29Acquiring Data 4–30Memory Depth/Record Length 4–31To run and stop an acquisition 4–33To take a singl

9To set up a pattern trigger source, do the following: aSelect a channel for the source.•To set the condition for that channel, press the L, H, or X s

Setup rulesRemembering the following rules will make it easier to work with theadvanced triggering capabilities:•Duration operators are valid when onl

ExampleSuppose you have a pulse train where one of the pulses is of constantduration (4 µs) and all other signals of interest are repeated with that p

Source Operator andParametersPattern/Edge Pattern 1 Then L on channels D2, D1, and D0, others don’tcarePattern 2 L on channels 2 and 1, H on channel 0

4MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation

MegaZoom Concepts and OscilloscopeOperationThis chapter gives an overview of some oscilloscope concepts that willhelp you make better measurements. It

MegaZoom ConceptsMegaZoom technology combines the advantages of conventionaldeep-memory digital oscilloscopes with the responsiveness andupdate rate o

Deep MemoryThe primary advantage of a deep-memory oscilloscope is sustained samplerate, allowing you to capture at the maximum sample rate and capture

Oscilloscope ResponsivenessAn important element of an oscilloscope is how responsive it is to controlchanges. After a control is changed, such as the

Display Update RateIn analog oscilloscopes, the scope is “blind” while the electron beam is resetto the left side of the screen. Thus, the update rate

To use the XY display mode 5–14To analyze video waveforms 5–18Measuring Waveform Data 5–22To make cursor measurements 5–22To make frequency measur

Display ModesRemember how when using your analog oscilloscope you had to constantlyadjust the brightness? You did this to see the desired level of det

Normal ModeNormal mode is the display mode that you will use most of the time. For themajority of use models and signals, normal mode yields the best

Attempting to Capture Narrow PulseAs you change the Time/Div setting (zoom in), and look at a smaller timewindow around the trigger, the percentage of

Between the 500-µs/div picture (figure 4-1), and the 2-µs/div picture(figure 4-2), whether or not the pulse or some part of the pulse is displayed iss

Peak Detection Prevents AliasingAliasing produces misleading information. The peak detection circuitry in theHP 54645A/D helps to prevent aliasing by

Now consider the same waveform at 200 µs/div. All that remains is thesignal’s maximum and minimum values. This could lead you to believe thesignal tra

Same Square Wave on HP 54645DThe maximum and minimum values are displayed in additional to somenormal samples. The additional normal samples here give

Peak Detect versus Normal on HP 54645D Digital ChannelsIn a digital system design, a glitch is an unintentional or unexpected signaltransition which m

Average ModeAveraging is a way to pull the signal out of the noise. Averaging works betterthan either a bandwidth limit or a brightness control. The a

Vectors On/OffOne of the most fundamental choices you must make about your display iswhether to draw vectors between the samples, or simply let the sa