Agilent Technologies 346A Spezifikationen

10 Hints forMaking SuccessfulNoise Figure MeasurementsApplication Note 57-3

10Balanced and double-balanced mixers have more than one diode to perform the frequency conversion. Thisimproves the LO to IF isolation (20 dB and bet

11FIG 6-3FIG 6-4f) Filter the IF signal (ie, the DUT output) if necessary. Keep the LO outside of the frequency range of the instrument if possible. L

12The cascade equation shows how F12 is very sensitive to uncertainty margins in the second stage term [(F2 - 1) / G1]. (To see how F12 would vary wit

13Figure 8-1● HINT 8: Choose the optimal measurement bandwidth Select a measurement bandwidth no larger than thepass band of the DUT. Modern noise fi

14Figure 9-1 ● HINT 9: Account for path losses Adapters must be used if the connectors between the noisesource, DUT, and measurement system do not ma

15If the actual local ambient temperature is not entered into the analyzer, it will make its calculations with thewrong temperature assumption. An ext

16❑ Account for mixer characteristics. See Hint # 6.❑ Measure the same sideband(s) that will be used in the application. ❑ For double-sideband measure

17Figure B-2 shows the typical display for the entry point to this interactive model. Figures B-3, B-4 and B-5 showsimulated results for the uncertain

Figure B-4Figure B-518Appendix C: References1. Agilent 346A, 346B, and 346C Noise Sources (10 MHz to 26.5 GHz), Technical Specification Sheet,literatu

19Appendix E: Glossary and definitions1. Excess Noise Ratio (ENR):ENR is the measure of how much more noise power isoutput from a noise source when “

2Table of Contents Introduction 3● HINT 1: Select the appropriate noise source 4● HINT 2: Minimize extraneous signals 5● HINT 3: Minimize mismatch

Agilent Technologies’ Test and MeasurementSupport, Services, and AssistanceAgilent Technologies aims to maximize the value you receive, while minimizi

3IntroductionTo achieve accurate and repeatable results at RF ormicrowave frequencies, measurement uncertainties andbarriers to measurement repeatabil

4Frequency range Commercial noise sources cover frequencies up to 50 GHz with choices of co-axial or waveguide connectors.The frequency range of the n

5Follow these guidelines:(a) Ensure that mating connectors are clean and not worn or damaged (see Reference 8 for further information). If the measure

6Alternately, insert a well matched attenuator (pad) between the noise source and the DUT toattenuate multiple reflections. As an example, with a 10 d

7If time constraints limit the number of averages duringDUT measurement (e.g. in manufacturing), use more averages during calibration. This will make

8A Y-Factor noise figure analyzer assumes a linear change in the detected noise power as the noise source is switched between Thotand Tcold. Any varia

9Figure 6-1DSB measurements are easier to perform since they don’trequire the additional burden of image rejection filterdesign and matching. When a m